Trends of smokeless tobacco in India- Narrative review

نویسندگان

چکیده

South Asia, primarily India, is the major producer and exporter of various forms tobacco products worldwide. All (smoke smokeless/chewable/inhaled) such as cigarettes, pipes, cigars, beedis, paan snuff have been implicated in development oral cancer. Almost 13% population India chews form pan or gutkha. People consume khaini, mishri, zarda, gutkha, mawa naas. Areca nut chewing also widely practised India. Males found more likely to develop esophageal cancer because consumption. Children, teenagers pregnant women are using for pleasure, stress relieving, social situations etc. Epidemiological studies suggest consumption prevalent lower socioeconomic strata. Oral called squamous cell carcinoma, submucous fibrosis (OSMF), leukoplakia, erosive lichen planus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hypertension a few manifestations Smokeless users show mortality 1.2–1.96 (men) 1.3 (women). Educational intervention, mass media intervention television ads, public posters, newspaper articles, folk dramas most recent cessation camps implied spread awareness about misbeliefs consuming demonstrating health hazards associated with it.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Archives of dental research

سال: 2023

ISSN: ['2277-3401']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18231/j.adr.2023.006